This dataset is collected from the Supplementary Materials part of the paper: Gao, S., Zhou, T., Yi, C., Shi, P., Fang, W., Liu, R., Liang, E., & Julio Camarero, J. (2020). Asymmetric impacts of dryness and wetness on tree growth and forest coverage. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 288-289, 107980. doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2020.107980. In this paper the researchers took forests in the semi-arid area of the Colorado Plateau in the southwest USA as the research object, comprehensively applied a large amount of tree ring width data, combined with remote sensing forest coverage data, they explored the legacy effect under the influence of the interannual water deficit by designing "natural experiments" at the regional scale, and compared the similarities and differences of the effect of the interannual water status changes on the tree ring width and forest coverage. The study found that the water status in the year when the tree ring was formed can significantly affect the duration and intensity of the legacy effect, and the response of the tree ring width and forest coverage to the interannual water status is different. This data contains ring-width indices (RWI) of 357 sample sites in 111-hydrological year (i.e., for 1902–2012) and annual water deficit anomaly (Dya) that matched to RWI. The tree-ring database used in this research was composed of 357 standard chronologies of three major species (Pinus edulis Engelm., Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex C. Lawson and Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) in the study region, spanning from 1902 to 2012, resulting in a total of 29,969 site-years. A total of 357 tree-ring width chronologies of three major tree species were obtained from the International Tree-Ring Data Bank (https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/tree-ring). To transform tree-ring width data into ring-width indices (RWI), long-term trends caused by aging and increasing trunk diameter were mostly removed by negative exponential curves using the ARSTAN program (Cook, 1985). After performing standardization, all chronologies were scaled to a standard mean (RWI = 1000) with a comparable variance to reduce the spatial heterogeneity among these tree-ring sites. In this research, researchers used annual water deficit anomaly (Dya) to explore the impact of water deficit variability on tree radial growth and growth legacies. They matched gridded Dya to RWIs. For tree-ring chronologies within the same grid, they averaged them for each year to reduce bias caused by the rough resolution of climate data. The data is 1 Excel workbooks, Ring-width indices and annual water deficit anomaly (1902-2012), which contains 3 worksheets as follows: raw_data processed_data variables The data contains the following fields: sitename: the name of tree-ring sampled site Year: the tree-ring formation year RWI: ring-width indices latitude: the latitude of tree-ring sampled site lontitude: the lontitude of tree-ring sampled site altitude: the altitude of tree-ring sampled site lon Grid no.: the lontitude grid number of tree-ring sampled site lat Grid no.: the latitude grid number of tree-ring sampled site Dya_3: water deficit anomaly of the 3rd year before the tree-ring formation year (i.e. "Year" column) Dya_2: water deficit anomaly of the 2nd year before the tree-ring formation year (i.e. "Year" column) Dya_1: water deficit anomaly of the 1st year before the tree-ring formation year (i.e. "Year" column) Dya_curr: water deficit anomaly of the tree-ring formation year (i.e. "Year" column) Dya_std: the standard deviation of 111-hydrological year (i.e., for 1902–2012) averaged annual water deficit of the grid
GAO Shan
Natural changes and human impacts of typical karst environments in historical periods: stalagmite recording project is a major research program of "Environmental and Ecological Science in Western China" sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China. The person in charge is Tan Ming, a researcher at the Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The project runs from January 2002 to December 2009. The temperature data of Beijing hot months (May, June, July and August) in 2650 (665 B.C.-A.D. 1985) are the results of the project. The data are reconstructed according to the correlation between the annual thickness of stalagmites in Shihua Cave in Beijing and meteorological observation data. The temperature signals reflected by soil carbon dioxide and cave dripping are amplified by the soil-organic matter-carbon dioxide system and recorded by the annual sequence of stalagmites. Although the general trend of temperature has decreased in recent thousands of years, the reconstructed temperature reveals that the climate has experienced repeated rapid warming on a century scale. This result is related to other records in the northern hemisphere, indicating that there is a hemispheric influence on the periodic changes of temperature in the sub-millennium scale. The data contains a txt file with attribute fields such as yr.AD, layer number, original thickness (um), maximum error in um (+-), sedimentary trend, detrended thickness (um), reconstructed temperature, maximum error in degree C (+ -), temperature anomaly, temperature anomaly + error, temperature anomaly-error, maximum error in age (yr. +-).
TAN Ming, ZHANG Hucai, LI Tieying
This data set contains data from the three ice cores drilled from the Dunde ice cap in the northern Tibetan Plateau in 1987. Core D-1 has a length of 139.8 m and is divided into 3585 samples for isotope analysis. Core D-3 has a length of 138.4 m, and the upper 56 m was cut into several samples on site and stored in bottles after melting, while the remaining length was frozen and preserved. The data set contains three data tables, namely, 10-year mean oxygen isotope data for the Dunde ice core (520-1987 A.D.), 5-year mean water equivalent accumulation data for Dunde ice core and 10-year mean dust data for the Dunde ice core. Data source: National Centers for Environmental Information (http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/ice-core). Processing method: Average. Table 1: 10-year mean oxygen isotope data for core D-3 (520 - 1987 A.D.) a. Name explanation Field 1: Start time Field 2: End time Field 3: Oxygen isotope value b. Dimensions (units of measure) Field 1: Dimensionless Field 2: Dimensionless Field 3: ‰ Data Table 2: 5-year mean water equivalent accumulation data for core D-1 (1606-1984) a. Name explanation Field 1: Start time Field 2: End time Field 3: Accumulation b. Dimensions (units of measure) Field 1: Dimensionless Field 2: Dimensionless Field 3: m Data Sheet 3: 10-year mean dust data for core D-3 (520 - 1987 A.D.) a. Name explanation Field 1: Start time Field 2: End time Field 3: Dust (diameter 0.63-16 µm) Field 4: Dust (diameter 2.00-60 µm) Field 5: Cl- Field 6: SO42- Field 7: NO3- b. Dimensions (units of measure) Field 1: Dimensionless Field 2: Dimensionless Field 3: Particles/mL Field 4: Particles/mL Field 5: ppb Field 6: ppb Field 7: ppb
National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)
This data set comprises the oxygen isotope and geochemical data of two deep-drilled ice cores drilled in the Puruogangri ice sheet (33°55'N, 89°05'E, altitude: 6070 meters) in the central Tibetan Plateau in 2000. The ice core depths are 118.4 and 214.7 meters, respectively. Source of the data: National Centers for Environmental Information (http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/ice-core) . The data set contains 6 tables, which are the average values of 1 oxygen isotope per meter of the Puruogangri ice core, the 10-year average data of 1 oxygen isotope of the Puruogangri ice core, the average values of 2 oxygen isotope and the soluble aerosol concentrations per meter of the Puruogangri ice core, the 5-year average data of 2 oxygen isotope and aerosol concentrations of Puruogangri ice core, 10-year average data of 2 oxygen isotope and aerosol concentrations of the Puruogangri ice core, and the 100-year average values of 2 oxygen isotopic and aerosol concentrations of the Puruogangri ice core. The information on the fields is as follows: Table 1: the average values of 1 oxygen isotope per meter of the Puruogangri ice core Field: Field Name [Dimensions (Unit of Measure)] Field 1: Depth [m] Field 2: δ18° [‰] Table 2: the 10-year average data of 1 oxygen isotope of the Puruogangri ice core Field: Field Name [Dimensions (Unit of Measure)] Field 1: Start time [Dimensionless] Field 2: End time [Dimensionless] Field 3: δ18° [‰] Table 3: the average values of 2 oxygen isotope and soluble aerosol concentration per meter of the Puruogangri ice core Field: Field Name [Dimensions (Unit of Measure)] Field 1: Depth [m] Field 2: Dust (diameter 0.63-20 um) [particles/mL] Field 3: 18° [‰] Field 4: F- [ppb] Field 5: Cl- [ppb] Field 6: SO42- [ppb] Field 7: NO3- [ppb] Field 8: Na+ [ppb] Field 9: NH4+ [ppb] Field 10: K+ [ppb] Field 11: Mg2+ [ppb] Field 12: Ca2+ [ppb] Table 4: the 5-year average data of 2 oxygen isotope and aerosol concentration of the Puruogangri ice core Field: Field Name [Dimensions (Unit of Measure)] Field 1: Start time [Dimensionless] Field 2: End time [Dimensionless] Field 3: δ18° [‰] Field 4: Accumulation [cm/yr] Field 5: Dust (diameter 0.63-20 um) [particles/mL] Field 6: F- [ppb] Field 7: Cl- [ppb] Field 8: SO42- [ppb] Field 9: NO3- [ppb] Field 10: Na+ [ppb] Field 11: NH4+ [ppb] Field 12: K+ [ppb] Field 13: Mg2+ [ppb] Field 14: Ca2+ [ppb] Table 5: the 10-year average data of 2 oxygen isotope and aerosol concentrations of the Puruogangri ice core Field: Field Name [Dimensions (Unit of Measure)] Field 1: Start time [Dimensionless] Field 2: End time [Dimensionless] Field 3: δ18° [‰] Field 4: Dust (diameter 0.63-20 um) [particles/mL] Field 5: F- [ppb] Field 6: Cl- [ppb] Field 7: SO42- [ppb] Field 8: NO3- [ppb] Field 9: Na+ [ppb] Field 10: NH4+ [ppb] Field 11: K+ [ppb] Field 12: Mg2+ [ppb] Field 13: Ca2+ [ppb] Table 6: the 100-year average values of 2 oxygen isotopic and aerosol concentrations of the Puruogangri ice core Field: Field Name [Dimensions (Unit of Measure)] Field 1: The last year of the interval [Dimensionless] Field 2: δ18° [‰] Field 3: Dust (diameter 0.63-20 um) [particles/mL] Field 4: F- [ppb] Field 5: Cl- [ppb] Field 6: SO42- [ppb] Field 7: NO3- [ppb] Field 8: Na+ [ppb] Field 9: NH4+ [ppb] Field 10: K+ [ppb] Field 11: Mg2+ [ppb] Field 12: Ca2+ [ppb]
National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)
The Southern Tibet Rift System (STRS) is one of the most prominent tectonic and geomorphological features in the southern Tibetan Plateau. The Jilong-Oma and Dati basins are located in the northern Himalaya Mountains. The late Cenozoic sedimentary sequences deposited in these two rift basins have archived abundant information about formation and evolution of the STRS and the uplift process of the Tibetan Plateau. The detailed stratigraphic and sedimentologic investigations were conducted on the late Cenozoic sediments in the Jilong-Oma basins. The late Cenozoic sediments in the Jilong-Oma Basin is over 610 m in thickness, including the lower conglomerate member of the fan delta facies (Danzengzhukang Fm., 400-600 m), the middle mudstone interbedded with sandstone member of fluvio-lacustrine facies (Oma Fm., 200-400 m) and the upper conglomerate intercalated with mudstone member of alluvial fan facies (Gongba Fm., 200-0 m). The Hipparion fossils were previously found at the bottom of the Oma Fm. The late Cenozoic sediments in the Dati Basin have a thickness of ~300 m, iucluding the lower mudstone, sandstone and sandy conglomerate member of fluvio-lacustrine faceis (Dati Fm., 80-305 m), and the upper conglomerate member of alluvial fan facies (Gongba Fm., 80-0 m). The Hipparion fossils were previously found at the upper part of the Dati Fm. By comparing with the Zhada Basin in the west part of the Himalaya orogen, it shows that these rift basins experienced the similar sedimentary evolution history and have the comparable Hipparion fossils. Establishing the precise chronology of these sediments and carrying out comprehensive comparison analyses between the rift basins play important roles in understanding the formation and evolution of the STRS, the uplift and deformation processes of the southern Tibetan Plateau and the climate change in the surrounding areas.
ZHANG Weilin
Guided by plate tectonics, palaeogeography, petroleum basin analysis and sedimentary basin dynamics , a large number of data and achievements in recent years of geological and petroleum geology research in Pan-Third Pole have been collected, including basic materials such as strata, sediments, palaeontology, palaeogeography, palaeoenvironments, palaeoclimate, structure, petroleum (sylvine) geology, especially Palaeomagnetism and palaeozoic. On the basis of material, detrital zircon and geochemical data, and combined with the results of typical measured stratigraphic profiles, the lithofacies and climatic palaeogeographic pattern of the Triassic period were restored and reconstructed, and the Palaeogeographic distribution of Early, Middle and Late Triassic lithofacies in Pan-Third Pole area as well as the paleoclimatic distribution maps were obtained, aiming at discussing the control and influence of palaeogeography, palaeostructure and Palaeoclimate on hydrocarbon (potassium-bearing) resources In order to reveal the geological conditions of oil and gas formation and the law of resource distribution, and provide scientific basis and technical support for overseas and domestic oil and gas exploration and deployment in China. The boundary line between different lithofacies and climate is clear, which better reveals the paleogeographic pattern of lithofacies and climate in the Triassic period, which is of certain indicative significance for the study of the control and influence of paleogeography, paleostructure and paleoclimate on oil and gas (including potash) resources, as well as the geological conditions for the formation of oil and gas and the distribution of resources.
LI Yalin
Guided by the theories of plate tectonics, paleogeography, petroliferous basin analysis and sedimentary basin dynamics, we have collected a large number of data and achievements of geological research and oil-gas geological research in Pan third pole in recent years, including basic materials such as stratum, sedimentation, paleontology, paleogeography, paleoenvironment, paleoclimate, structure, oil-gas (potash) geology, especially paleomagnetism and paleogenesis On the basis of zircon and geochemical data, combined with the results of typical measured stratigraphic sections, the lithofacies and climate palaeogeographic pattern of Jurassic period are restored and reconstructed, and the paleogeographic map of lithofacies and climate of Pan third extremely early, middle and late Jurassic (3 sheets) and pan third extremely early, middle and late Jurassic (3 sheets) are obtained, aiming to discuss paleogeography and paleostructure The control and influence of paleoclimate on oil and gas (including potash) resources, in order to reveal the geological conditions and resource distribution rules of oil and gas formation, and provide scientific basis and technical support for overseas and domestic oil and gas exploration and deployment in China.
LI Yalin
This dataset includes few pollen data and high-resolution microcharcoal dataset in a ~4000 m-thick sedimentary outcrops retrieved from the Huatutou, Qaidam Basin. Pollen data from the sediment are rare, only 15 samples got enough pollen grains for pollen assemblages division and analysis, the results indicates that during the early period, the vegetation are favor a relatively warm and wet climate correlated with the global warming stages (only ice-sheet accumulated in the Antarctic), then along with the global cooling, the xerophytic taxa increased and the vegetation types became similar than before. Sedimentary microcharcoals from fine grains (e.g., mudstone, siltstone and sandstone) are one of the typical wildfire proxies commonly used in paleoclimatic studies, as they have the potential to record past variations in wildfire history related with the vegetation and precipitation. The sediment samples were grounded and treated with 10% HCl and 40% HF to remove carbonates and silica. Separation of the microcharcoals from the residue was accomplished using a 10-lm nylon sieve. Finally, they were mounted in glycerin jelly. Based on the data of outcrops in the Qaidam Basin, the evolution history of wildfire and arid environment together vegetation in the west Qaidam Basin since the early Oligocene can be reconstructed, allowing further exploring of trends, variability and mechanisms of vegetation and wildfire history.
MIAO Yunfa
1) Data content: this data is the DNA data of the paleoenvironmental sediments generated from the study of four archaeological sites in the downstream of Yarlung Zangbo River in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, including Changguogou, Liding, Liena and, Qugong. It includes the sequence of Hiseqx metagenomic data of 10 samples of the paleoenvironmental sediments in four archaeological sites. It can be used to study the research methods and feasibility of the ancient environment DNA in the archaeological sites of the Tibet Plateau and its possible important role in the research of the ancient agricultural development processes. 2) Data source and processing method: it is the own data of our research group, and the data is detected by using the pair-end library building method and Illumina Hiseqx sequencing method. 3) Data quality: 279M data volume, Q30 > 85%. 4) Achievements and prospects of data application: data are used to reveal the ancient agriculture in the Tibet Plateau at the level of ancient environmental DNA.
YANG Xiaoyan
This data is the grain size data set of the XS loess section at Ganzi in the east of Qinghai Tibet Plateau. The whole section is 10 meters thick, and the grain size analysis is carried out according to the interval of 2.5cm. A total of 398 groups of grain size data are obtained. The grain size analysis was carried out at the Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems（Ministry of Education), Lanzhou University. Before the measurement, the organic matter and carbonate in the sample were removed by H2O2 and hydrochloric acid, then adding the sodium hexago-hydrophosphate and vibrating for about 10 min to disperse samples by using ultrasonic apparatus. All measurements are conducted by using the Mastersizer 2000. This data reflects variations of the loess grain size since the last interglacial, which is of great importance for understanding past evionroment changes in the eastern Tibet Plateau.
YANG Shengli
Data of the project: 1. Sample DOC information sheet: liangfeng cave, qixing cave, general cave, rhinoceros cave 2003-2004 water sample DOC data. Excel sheet 2. Excel sheet of hydrogen and oxygen isotope information of samples: secondary chemical sediments, water/vSMOW, rain 18OvSMOW and so on in liangfeng cave, seven-star cave, general cave, rhino cave 3. The sample water chemical information table of Excel table: header is as follows: sample number # T ℃ pH K + Na + (mg/l) (mg/l) Ca2 + (mg/l) magnesium 2 + (mg/l) Cl - (mg/l) SO42 - (mg/l) HCO3 - (mg/l) SIC SID SIG PPCO2 (ATM) PCO2 (Pa) error 4. Sample carbon isotope information sheet In addition, the project is accompanied by basic information and data information documents.
WANG Shijie
By archaeological investigation and excavation in Tibetan Plateau, we discovered 14 historic period sites, including Meinuo, Sariguo, Rongwaguo, Kaze, Jiha, Yarigei, Bami, Barongbadang, Qingtu, Labu ,Maisong Petroglyph, Gala, Yezere 1 and Yezere 4 . In this dataset, there are some basic informations about these sites, such as location, longitude, latitude, altitude, material culture and so on. On this Basis, we identified animal remains, plant macrofossil, selected some samples for radiocarbon dating and stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes. This dataset provide important basic data for understanding when and how prehistoric human lived in the Tibetan Plateau during the historic period.
DONG Guanghui , HOU Guangliang
Black carbon is an important light absorbing substance, which has an important impact on climate change. This data set contains the data of black carbon concentration and sedimentation flux in the core of six lakes (gun Yong lake, Tanggula lake, linggecuo, Ranwu lake, gokyo, gosainkunda) on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and the south slope of the Himalayas. The carbon concentration of Huxin black was determined by digestion filtration thermoluminescence method. This dataset is an excel file, which can be opened directly by using Excel. This data set is helpful to study the history of atmospheric black carbon deposition in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and its surrounding areas and to further analyze the sources of atmospheric black carbon. It can be used as the basic data for the study of atmospheric black carbon transport and climate effect assessment.
KANG Shichang
By archaeological investigation and excavation in Tibetan Plateau and Hexi corridor, we discovered more than 40 Neolithic and Bronze Age sites, including Zongri, Sanjiaocheng, Huoshiliang, Ganggangwa, Yigediwonan, Shaguoliang, Guandi, Maolinshan, Dongjicuona, Nuomuhong, Qugong, Liding and so on. In this dataset, there are some basic informations about these sites, such as location, longitude, latitude, altitude, material culture and so on. On this Basis, we identified animal remains, plant fossil, selected some samples for radiocarbon dating, optically stimulated luminescence dating, stable carbon, nitrogen isotopes, polle, fungal sporen and environmental proxies. This dataset provide important basic data for understanding when and how prehistoric human lived in the Tibetan Plateau during the Neolithic and Bronze Age.
YANG Xiaoyan, Lü Hongliang, LIU Xiangjun, HOU Guangliang
Cenozoic sedimentary strata, which have been extensively developed in the low Himalaya region of western Nepal, provide an opportunity to study the dynamics of plateau uplift and the effects of climate and environment. According to a detailed field explored in the region nearly 10 sections, we found that a typical Cenozoic strata in the area is mainly composed of passive continental margin sedimentary of India's Tansen group and the Himalayas of foreland basin of Siwalik group, thickness of the Tansen group of 2000-3000 m, bottom-up Cenozoic strata, including the Amile group (Amile), and Bhainskati group (Bhainskati), Dumri group (Dumri); The Siwalik group, up to 4000m-6000m, is mainly composed of the lower, middle and upper west Siwalik. Cenozoic strata in Butwal section (309 m, including Amile and upper Bhainskati formation), Tulsipur section (357 m, including the top of Amile group and Bhainskati group formation) and Kalyan section (1161 m, including upper Bhainskati group formation and Dumri formation) are well exposed. High precise (with 1 m spacing) paleomagnetic chronology and environmental proxies samples collected in those three sections. By giving the precise stratigraphic age and paleoenvironmental data, it is of great significance to explore whether the north-south monsoon and drought events on the plateau are coupled and synchronized, and to reveal their relationship with the tectonic uplift of the Tibetan Plateau and global change.
ZHANG Weilin
In this dataset samples were obtained from groundwater outcrop points and surface water points through the field hydrogeological survey of mabongshan, and the analysis data of deuterium - oxygen - 18 and tritium were obtained by sending them to the laboratory with relevant qualification. This dataset can obtain the isotopic information of groundwater and surface water in the research area of the project, and provide data reference for the water circulation law in the research area.
GUO Yonghai
This magnetic susceptibility data set of the XS loess section at Ganzi in the eastern Tibet Plateau. We analyzed the magnetic susceptibility of the top part of the loess sequence at 5cm intervals, and obtained 200 sets of magnetic susceptibility data. The experimental analysis was completed in the Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems（Ministry of Education), Lanzhou University. Air-dried and grind the samples were put it into a non-magnetic cubic box, and measured by the British Bartington MS2. The result indicates the varations of the low frequency magnetic susceptibility of the Loess sequence since the Last Interglacial at Ganzi area, which is of great importance for understanding past environment changes in the eastern Tibet Plateau.
YANG Shengli
This data is the ring width chronology of Three Shrub overlord sample points in Badain Jilin desert in the upper reaches of Heihe River Basin, which represents the climate change of dry and wet in the desert area in the past 160 years.
XIAO Shengchun
This data was reconstructed based on the history of perchlorate from 1956 to 2004 in Miaoergou ice core (94°19 'E,43°03 'N, 4518 m) in east Tianshan mountain. Data content: perchlorate from 1956 to 2004 (including: Cl-, NO3- and SO42-). Data was measured by ESI-MS/MS; Data quality: the blank sample was significantly lower than the sample values, and the quality was good. Data application result and prospect: The data has been published, the detailed information can be found in the published paper. Zhiheng Du, Cunde Xiao, Vasile I. Furdui C,Wangbin Zhang. (2019). The perchlorate record during 1956–2004 from Tienshan ice core, East Asia. Science of the Total Environment. Time range and resolution: 1956-2004 AD, and annual resolution.
Du Zhiheng
The climate model used is a fast air sea coupled model (famous) developed jointly by the British meteorological agency and the University of England. In the famous model, the horizontal resolution of the atmospheric model is 5 °× 7.5 ° and there are 11 layers in the vertical direction; the horizontal resolution of the ocean model is 2.5 °× 3.75 ° and there are 20 layers in the vertical direction. The atmosphere and the ocean are coupled once a day without flux adjustment
LI Xinzhou
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